What Internal Controls Mean to Clients

man writing in notebook

And how to explain them.

By Ed Mendlowitz
77 Ways to Wow!

What are internal controls? Auditors widely use this term. It also appears multiple times in engagement letters for audits of businesses and not-for-profits, but I do not believe many outside of the accounting profession really know or understand what internal controls are. I will try to explain it here.

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Internal controls refer to an organization’s system of deterrence, oversight, checks and balances. An illustration is where someone in a business writes and mails the checks to pay a bill. If this same person then receives the bank statement and performs the reconciliation of that account, there would not be any control or oversight on that person and whether the payment was proper and not misdirected. They are checking their own work. This is how many frauds occur.
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Create an Accountability Chart for Your Firm

It beats an org chart and here’s why.

By Jody Grunden
Building the Virtual CFO Firm in the Cloud

“Getting the right people on the bus, the wrong people off the bus, and the right people in the right seats – these are all crucial steps in the early stages of buildup…” – Jim Collins, “Good to Great”

When Adam and I first started the company, we didn’t have much organizational structure. We didn’t need it. But as the company grew, it became necessary to develop an organizational structure. There’s a great quote by Michael E. Gerber in his book “The E-Myth Revisited” that says, “Without the Organization Chart, confusion, discord and conflict become the order of the day.”

We got to a point where we realized that Adam and I didn’t have clarity around our individual roles, and we were overlapping one another. We needed to have clearly defined roles for one another, as well as the people who were working for us. Lack of clarity can cause a loss in production.
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Why Audit Walkthroughs Break Down (and What It’s Really Costing You)

Why one of the most critical audit procedures quietly becomes one of the least effective

By William Englehaupt

Walkthroughs sit at the center of audit quality. They are the mechanism through which auditors develop an understanding of processes, identify control points, and assess risk in context. Yet in practice, they are frequently one of the least controlled and most inefficient parts of the engagement.

They tend to run late, produce incomplete evidence, and generate follow-up cycles that extend months beyond the initial meeting. By the time year-end arrives, teams are often still resolving questions that should have been addressed months earlier. This is not a failure of technical capability; it is a failure of process design.

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Most audit teams do not manage walkthroughs as a defined system of work. Instead, they are treated as a sequence of meetings—scheduled, conducted, and documented with varying degrees of rigor. That approach creates the appearance of progress without delivering the underlying objective: a complete, evidence-based understanding of the transaction flow from initiation through financial statement impact.

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How to Get Organization Minutes in Order

A 34-point checklist.

By Ed Mendlowitz
77 Ways to Wow! The Checklist Handbook for Advisory Services.

Corporate, LLC, partnership and not-for-profit organizations are usually required to have minutes memorializing certain actions taken by the board of directors or governing body. Yet, many do not either because it has never been done, is a bother, is considered not necessary or overlooked through inaction or unawareness.

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However, it is something that should be done as a best practice, as recognition that there are non-active stakeholders who need transparency, or as tangible evidence that the actions recorded took place timely. In some instances, the IRS looks for minutes as a symbol that the affairs were handled on a businesslike basis or were not one-sided “secret” actions by those in control.
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